Thank you Edwin.

Direct British rule in India was mainly of the large cities, the coastal areas and the land frontiers. A huge area of central India was occupied by acquiescent "native states", some of which were Moslem. So when Pakistan was created in 1947, there already were Moslem states in what had been Northern and Eastern India.

Although the Congress Party began as a non-sectarian group, tensions between Moslems and Hindus developed to the extent that the minority Moslems began demanding the creation of a Moslem state in the north and east of India. Why this happened is open to debate. In my opinion all sides were at fault, but at the end of the second world war Britiain had no money or will to militarily enforce a solution and had to agree to partition the country into three: India with a Hindu majority, and Moslem majority Pakistan divided into west and east. The eastern portion rebelled against West Pakistan and split off in the early 1970s after a war, becoming Bangla Desh. Pakistan itself is composed of individual provinces,and there is tension between them. Many of the immigrants from India settled in the area around the port of Karachi which is in Sindh province. The newcomers were labelled muhajir, a word derived from Arabic and means "immigrant" and there are still regular outbreaks of violence between the native Sindhis and the Muhajir.

Eretz Yisrael when under Ottoman rule was administered as southern Syria and the Arab population considered themselves Syrians. The League of Nations split Israel from Syria and made it an unpopular British controlled mandate, taken on for perceived national interest. That means oil. By the 1920s there existed a substantial and growing Jewish settlement. In an ideal world the Arabs would have accepted the Jews (even grudgingly) as bringing wealth and creative energy to the land. If only they had. The situation became a simmering civil war until the British left, and then finally the Jews defeated the Arab armies in 1948, which decided the issue: Eretz Yisrael was once and is again Jewish. There never was an Arab state in Southern Syria until recently in Gaza, and it is a nightmare of corruption and tyranny.

The only common features these two situations have is 1): that both were administered by British authority, and 2): Moslem inability to accept other religions and cultures, even other Moslem cultures. In the aftermath of the First World War only Britain or France could have taken on the Mandate, but given France's record in Algeria, Vietnam, Sahel, Syria, New Caledonia ..., the British were the better choice. As for 2, what can I say? The only hope for this world is the willing adoption of the Seven Laws and the worship of the G-d of Abraham, Jacob and Isaac, the One True G-d.